A Clinical and Sociological Analysis of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

Abstract

This paper addresses the eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa, characterized by continuous restriction of energy intake, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one’s body shape and weight. The article explores the disturbing cultural trend of the “size zero” figure and the psychological distress experienced by individuals insecure about their body image. It raises the question of when extreme thinness began to be considered attractive. Anorexia Nervosa is diagnosed approximately nine times more often in females than in males. The exact cause of this condition remains unclear. It occurs more frequently among individuals engaged in activities that emphasize weight control, such as athletics, modeling, and dancing. Symptoms of psychosis have been observed in patients with eating disorders, including anorexia and binge eating disorder. In one study of 130 patients with a long history of anorexia nervosa, 16 displayed symptoms of psychosis. Bulimia Nervosa, another eating disorder, produces similar psychological distress but manifests differently. Women with anorexia nervosa restrict food intake to achieve extreme thinness, whereas women with bulimia nervosa engage in episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting. This paper discusses risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment approaches, focusing on the mental and emotional disturbances associated with these disorders, their causes, and their defining features.