Dispersion Studies of Radioactive Pollutants from nuclear facility and Regulatory Responsibility for Radiation Protection: A Review

Abstract

Safeguarding the environment and public health and ensuring nuclear safety depend heavily on regulatory authority to regulate the discharge of radioactive pollutants into the environment around nuclear installations. With an emphasis on the role of regulatory bodies in supervising the operations of nuclear facilities and guaranteeing their adherence to established standards, this reference study examines the national and international regulatory frameworks controlling the prevention, monitoring, and environmental impact assessment of radioactive emissions. The study examines the guidelines and standards published by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). It also shows how these standards can be incorporated into national laws, licensing, inspection, and oversight systems. Additionally covered are emergency response plans, continuous environmental monitoring programs, modeling of air contamination releases, and environmental impact assessments. The study showed that in order to ensure effective monitoring, environmental modeling results must be in line with international standards. This guarantees that, both in regular operating settings and in emergency scenarios, the results of scientific study are converted into instruments that assist regulatory decision-making.